According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), rates of CIN2+ (which are high-grade cervical lesions that can become cancer, and are used to measure HPV vaccine impact) declined from 216,000 women in 2008 to 196,000 women in 2016. Over two-thirds of these lesions were linked to one of the nine strains of HPV that the Gardasil 9 vaccine targets.